Business capability mapping is the strategic process of identifying and visualizing the key functions and processes that a domain or enterprise performs to achieve business objectives, and mapping to the technology components and architecture that support them.
Mapping business capabilities to underlying technology capabilities and services helps stakeholders understand how a function or process is performing, allowing for future state design and modeling to close any functionality gaps or meet new business requirements.
When business and technology capabilities align to a common strategy, it facilitates longer-term strategic planning, resource allocation, and investment to ensure business functions and processes are operating at their full value-generating potential.